A video posted on social media showed a huge plume of smoke at the airport, while water trucks sprayed water to try to control a fire.
The director of the Civil Aviation Board, Hector Porcella, told AFP that he still did not know the details of the accident.
Local media reported that the crashed plane was a Gulfstream G200, a private jet with a capacity of between eight and 18 passengers.
The accident occurred at a private international commercial airport that serves the tourist city of La Romana.
Tourism is key to the economy of the Dominican Republic, a country of 11.6 million people located in the Caribbean.
In 2021, nine people died in a private plane crash after departing from Las Americas International Airport in the capital, Santo Domingo.
