Kenya has recorded 1,576 suicide deaths over the past four years, according to data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) and the National Police Service (NPS). As the country marks World Suicide Prevention Day 2024, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) is calling for urgent reforms to address mental health issues and the decriminalisation of attempted suicide.
This year’s theme, *“Changing the Narrative on Suicide,”* encourages open discussions about suicide and suicidal behaviour, with the rallying cry, *“Start the Conversation.”* The KNCHR highlights the need for dialogue to raise awareness, reduce stigma, and foster stronger support systems for those grappling with mental health challenges.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 703,000 people globally die by suicide each year, making it the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29. In Kenya, many suicide attempts go unreported due to the criminalisation of the act, which suggests the true scale of the issue may be even larger.
The KNCHR pointed out that Kenya is one of approximately 20 African nations where attempted suicide remains a criminal offence. “Criminalisation has failed to reduce suicide rates,” the Commission argues, advocating instead for comprehensive mental healthcare, economic support, and cultural shifts in attitudes toward mental health.
Recent legislative reforms, such as the Mental Health (Amendment) Act of 2022, have been lauded for acknowledging that people with suicidal thoughts or behaviours deserve affordable access to mental health care, counselling, and rehabilitation services. Additionally, the Statute Law (Miscellaneous) Amendments Act of 2023 has updated the legal language used around mental illness, reflecting a more humane approach.
KNCHR is also awaiting a High Court ruling in November 2024, which could overturn Section 226 of the Penal Code that criminalises attempted suicide. This decision would mark a crucial step in de-stigmatising mental health and shifting the focus toward treatment rather than punishment.
As suicide rates continue to rise, KNCHR urges the government to enhance access to quality mental health services. The Commission also encourages communities to create supportive, non-judgmental spaces for those affected. “It is vital to listen to those with lived experiences to craft effective suicide prevention strategies,” the Commission emphasises.
